Understanding Knee Arthritis

Knee arthritis is a common joint disorder that affects millions worldwide, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. As one of the most weight-bearing joints in the body, the knee is especially vulnerable to wear and tear, inflammation, and injury. In this comprehensive guide, Dr. Deven R Kuruwa breaks down the essential information you need to understand knee arthritis—its various types, root causes, and how to spot early warning signs to seek timely intervention.

What Is Knee Arthritis?

Arthritis refers to inflammation of one or more joints. When this inflammation impacts the knee, it can lead to:

• Cartilage breakdown: The protective cushion between bones wears thin.
• Bone changes: New bone growth (osteophytes) can form at joint margins.
• Joint inflammation: The lining (synovium) swells and produces excess fluid.
• Pain and stiffness: Movements become painful, especially after rest.

Knee arthritis ranges from mild irritation to severe degeneration, impacting daily activities such as walking, climbing stairs, or even standing. Early recognition and management are crucial to slowing progression and preserving joint function.

Types of Knee Arthritis

1. Osteoarthritis (OA)
Most common form, often age-related. 'Wear-and-tear' leads to cartilage erosion. Symptoms include gradual onset of pain, stiffness after inactivity, and grating sensation. Risk factors include age over 50, obesity, and repetitive stress.

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
An autoimmune disease that affects multiple joints. The immune system attacks the synovial membrane, causing chronic inflammation. It presents with symmetrical joint pain, morning stiffness lasting over an hour, and fatigue.

3. Post-Traumatic Arthritis
Occurs after a knee injury or surgery. Damage to cartilage or bone accelerates joint wear. Symptoms often appear months or years after injury.

4. Secondary Arthritis
Develops due to underlying conditions such as gout, lupus, or infection. Presentation varies depending on the root cause and may include acute or chronic symptoms.

Early Warning Signs of Knee Arthritis

• Persistent Knee Pain: Dull ache during or after movement, worsens with activity.
• Morning Stiffness: Difficulty bending or straightening the knee after rest.
• Swelling & Warmth: Visible puffiness and occasional warmth/redness around the joint.
• Reduced Range of Motion: Trouble fully bending or extending the knee.
• Crepitus (Grinding): Audible crunching or popping when moving.
• Joint Instability: Knee feels like it may give way or buckle.
• Decreased Functionality: Difficulty climbing stairs or standing from sitting.

Common Causes of Knee Arthritis

• Age and Wear-and-Tear: Cartilage naturally breaks down over time.
• Genetics and Family History: Some people inherit a predisposition to arthritis.
• Obesity and Joint Stress: Extra weight increases pressure on knees.
• Injury and Overuse: Sports injuries or repetitive movements can trigger degeneration.
• Autoimmune Factors: Conditions like RA lead to chronic joint inflammation.
• Infection: Bacterial or viral infections can destroy cartilage if untreated.

Conclusion

Knee arthritis is a progressive condition, but understanding its types, causes, and early warning signs empowers you to take action. From osteoarthritis to autoimmune-related arthritis, each form demands a specific diagnostic and management strategy. Watch for persistent pain, morning stiffness, swelling, and instability—these red flags signal the need for expert evaluation.

By combining lifestyle modifications, physical therapy, appropriate medications, and, when necessary, surgical interventions, you can manage knee arthritis effectively. Don’t let joint pain hold you back. Contact Dr. Deven R Kuruwa today for a comprehensive assessment and customised treatment plan tailored to your needs. Your knees deserve the best care—take the first step toward pain-free movement now.